Showing posts with label internet access. Show all posts
Showing posts with label internet access. Show all posts

Tuesday, 2 January 2018

MMXVIII - Our New Year's Resolutions

He who gave us our calendar.
From the frigid tundra of Siberia to the scorching heat of Alice Springs, the start of a new year is a symbolic reboot point and a time to reflect upon the events in our lives that we can and cannot control. Many of us vow to eat healthier, exercise more, drink less, worship better, call home more often, or a myriad of other corrections to the flaws that make us human.  We have probably been doing that since the adoption of the first calendar.

Archaeologists have reconstructed methods of timekeeping that go back to the Stone Age, and the first calendars date to the Bronze Age when we discovered metal and writing. They were lunisolar in nature and needed intercalary months - leap months, basically - in order to keep summer as summer and winter as winter. Julius Caesar had enough of that nonsense and introduced a solar calendar to eliminate leap months, following an algorithm that added a leap day every four years. The Persian mathematician Omar Khayyam (yes, he of poetry fame) measured the length of a year to astounding accuracy in the eleventh century, showing that the Julian calendar had too many leap years. Pope Gregory XIII introduced calendar reforms based on the knowledge of the actual length of a year to set the date for Easter in 1582. There are at least thirty-three other calendars in use across the world today, most based on religious beliefs, but generally everyone uses the Gregorian calendar in civil life.

We have reached the year 2018 in the common era, a time of unprecedented technological progress. But with progress come problems, as complicated and complex as the technology itself. Human beings, for whatever reason, make life extremely (and needlessly) complicated, and we may spend as much time trying to solve the problems of our own making as we do sleeping. Consider the internet, arguably the most transformative invention in history. Here we literally have the world at our fingertips. You may be reading this blog post from Johannesburg, Tehran, Delhi, or Paris. You may be using a SumRando server in Sweden, USA, Turkey, Amman, Singapore, Hong Kong, Brazil, or Spain or another server from any corner of the world. You may buy SumRando VPN with Rand, Rial, Rupees, or Euros with just a number on a plastic card and a click of a button. It's pretty mind-blowing to think about.

Yet we have these people who want to limit our use of such an invention, who censor it or spy on us or steal from us or slow it down so they can make money off us. It's all stealing, really. So for this new year, let us make some resolutions to save the internet from these people who would destroy it, these corporations, governments, hackers, and lobbyists who just can't stand human freedom and dignity, who seek profit and power at the expense of humanity, who would still use a lunar calendar if there were money or power to come from it. Here are our resolutions:

1. Stand up for net neutrality. The regime in the United States has decided to give the corporations who fund it complete control over what Americans can see on the internet. What will stop other regimes across the world from slowing access to certain websites if the country that invented the internet is unwilling to protect it from those motivated only by power and profit? Even if we won't admit it, developing countries look to the United States for leadership or fear condemnation and consequences for bad behavior. Discarding net neutrality rules indicates to rogue regimes that it is ok to manipulate internet traffic. Unless the United States takes measures to reestablish net neutrality for itself, net neutrality in the world may be in jeopardy. As we've seen in Portugal, loopholes in EU net neutrality laws make it difficult for any EU country to be a global enforcer. There are just too many questions right now. We all need to push our governments to actively pursue net neutrality regulations so that we may enjoy a free and fair internet like we are wont to do.

2. Stand up for internet freedom and freedom of expression. Net freedom is a human right. It is that simple. Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights protects freedom of expression, and as an extension, the United Nations passed a resolution stating that "the same rights people have offline must also be protected online." So not only is internet freedom in our hearts and minds, it is international law. Of course, the usual suspects opposed the resolution, given their addiction to censorship, fear, and surveillance. So we fight on.

3. Stand up for privacy. At a time when CCTV can recognize our faces and leviathan social media companies are tracking our every move online (and sometimes offline, too), privacy is threatened more than ever. Privacy starts with encryption. Encryption is kind of our thing. It's what we do. Get our free encryption tools here and take back control of your life.

4. Stand up for encryption. Yes, encryption itself is under threat, as prying governments want to know what you do, where you do it, and whom you do it with. Some lawmakers see boogeymen everywhere. Others just don't understand what encryption is. We are not psychiatrists, so we cannot help the former deal with their paranoia. We are, however, encryption experts. We literally make it. We will continue to help people understand what encryption is, how it is a vital part of our lives, and why you should not be online without it.

5. Stand up for internet access. In order to do the above, you have to have internet. As of June 2017, only half of the world had access to the internet, with only 41% of the developing world having access, most of that being mobile. Yet access is difficult for many in the developed world as well. Even though a federal court in the United States defined the internet as a basic utility, 35% of rural Americans have no access to broadband. U.S. telecoms corporations have fought pushes to expand access at every turn. We are familiar with that kind of corruption in the developing world and will continue to push for access and expose those who stand as obstacles to it. Rural America has started to take matters into its own hands; we should look to this story as an example for the world.


Janus
So that's our list, and we hope you make it yours, too. January 1 was established as the date for the new year by Julius Caesar to honor the god Janus, the god of gateways and beginnings. Janus, who had two faces, presided over the beginning and end of conflict, of war and peace. The internet took one heck of a beating in 2017. Here's to a much better, freer 2018, and the end of the conflict over internet freedom. Cheers.

Tuesday, 3 October 2017

The Consequences of Internet Shutdowns

You might have seen the hashtag #KeepItOn across various social media platforms, but perhaps you don't quite grasp the severity of the problem it addresses. The hashtag was started by Access Now to bring awareness about an oft used tactic by regimes to control the online behavior of their citizens, the internet shutdown.

The excuses range anywhere from "to prevent students from cheating on exams" to "to prevent violent protests," but whatever the excuse, it is always a form of oppression.

Whether governments are blocking specific websites or shutting down the entire internet, the economic consequences are severe. The problem is particularly severe among African governments. In 2016 alone, 11 African countries disrupted internet communications. Since 2015, these interruptions have cost $235 million, according to a recent study conducted by the Collaboration on International ICT Policy in East and Southern Africa (CIPESA). This at a time when the internet is making a significant contribution to the growth in GDP in many African countries.

You can get involved by visiting Access Now's #KeepItOn website. This shortsighted and undemocratic tactic must end.

Thursday, 1 December 2016

SumTips: What to Say When the Internet Goes Off

The Gambia goes to the polls on December 1, but the election’s legitimacy is already under attack. Dictatorial President Yahya Jammeh has been in power since 1994 and, by the looks of a November 30 internet and phone shutdown, has no intention of leaving office. However, as with most attempts to silence dissent, Gambia’s recent blackout has only brought more global attention to the country’s inequities:








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Tuesday, 12 July 2016

SumVoices: Algeria prevents exam cheating by cutting off the entire internet: Is it the right solution?

Our last installment of SumVoices featured Venezuelan lawyer and digital rights activist, Marianne Díaz Hernández, in English and Spanish. This month we bring you the insight of Algerian journalist and blogger, Rim Hayat Chaif, in English and Arabic.

Algerian journalist and blogger Rim Hayat Chaif
The second session of the Algerian baccalaureate exam occurred from June 19-23. With an overall cutoff of internet (from 20:00 the day before until 14:00 the day of the exam), more than 300,000 high school students had to retake the exam for a second time because of the massive fraud that occurred in the first session where the questions were flying around social media.

After this fraud, the Algerian authorities determined that in order to prevent high school students from cheating or being victims of wrong questions shared on social media, the best solution was to shut down the internet for the entire Algerian population, an unconscionable step decided without considering the consequences, unconscionable because the current Algerian economy cannot handle such international isolation at a time of seeking a new model of growth. Unconscionable because it prevented many Algerian institutions from doing their work normally for many hours. Unconscionable because it was not just social media platforms that were banned but even Google – how can Google be responsible for questions leaking?

According to official estimates, 18 million Algerians out of a population of 40 million are active on the internet and social networks.

The Algerian economic expert and international consultant Abdelmalek Serrai said in a statement to “the Algerian public radio Channel 1” that “this cut has caused financial losses estimated at 300 million dollars to the Algerian economy”.

The cutoff of internet and social networks has generated substantial financial damage to the Algerian economy. The banks were paralyzed, as it seriously disrupted their financial operations; Algerian and foreign companies were unable to complete their commercial transactions; students, researchers, and workers couldn’t work…it was as if all 40 million Algerians were taking the baccalaureate exam.

The risk of fraud for the second time could have been prevented if the authorities had chosen to encrypt the exam questions and print them at exam centers instead of transporting hard copies across the country as usual.

This decision surprised everyone, but it has shown that the Algerian authorities have a real political weapon called “censorship”.

According to Access Now, a UN resolution followed recent internet shutdowns in many countries, including Turkey, Bahrain, and Algeria. Global policy and legal counsel at Access Now, Peter Micek, said, “Development and human rights protections are strengthened in tandem when networks remain open, secure, and stable. All stakeholders, from telcos to activists to judges, must band together to demand an end to shutdowns”.

Rim Hayat Chaif




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SumVoices: الجزائر تتخذ حجب الانترنت كحل من أجل وضع حد لتسرب أسئلة امتحانات البكالوريا

صحفي جزائري والمدون ريم الحياة Chaif

نظمت الدورة الثانية لامتحانات البكالوريا من 19 الى 23 جوان المنصرم مع قطع شامل للأنترنيت منذ الساعة الثامنة مساءاً حتى الساعة الثانية بعد الضهر لليوم الموالي، وقد اعاد أكثر من 300.000 طالب جزائري للمدرسة الثانوية الامتحان بقرار حكومي بعد تسرب مواضيع الامتحان على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي في الدورة الأولى التي الغيت نتائجها.

بعد حادثة تسريب مواضيع البكالوريا، و من اجل عدم تكرار حالة الغش لطلاب الثانوية أو عدم وقوعهم كضحايا للأسئلة الخاطئة التي تنشر على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي، جاءت السلطات الجزائرية بحل أمثل حسبها و هو بحجب الانترنيت عن كل الشعب الجزائري, هذه الخطوة الغير المدروسة و القرار غير الصائب و الذي جاء كرد فعل فجائي أعلن بدون حساب العواقب المترتبة عليه، غير مدروس لان الاقتصاد الجزائري الحالي لا يمكنه تحمل مثل هذه العزلة الدولية في حين انه يسعى للحصول على نموذج جيد للنمو, خطوة غير مدروسة لأنه منع المؤسسات الجزائري من الدخل للشبكة العنكبوتية للقيام بعملها اليومي. الحجب شمل حتى موقع شركة جوجل، وما علاقة جوجل بتسريب الاسئلة وعدم قدرة السلطات المحلية من السيطرة على حالة الفساد.

ويقول خبير الاقتصاد الجزائري عبد المالك صراي في تصريح للإذاعة الوطنية 1 " تسبب هذا القطع العام للأنترنيت بخسائر مالية تقدر ب 300 مليون دولار للاقتصاد الجزائري"

وقد نتج عن حجب وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي والانترنيت ضرر كبير على الاقتصاد الجزائري بحيث شلت البنوك و تعطلت عملياتها المالية بشكل كبير،كما تعطلت المعاملات التجارية بين الشركات الأجنبية و الجزائرية، الطلاب والعاملين بمجال الانترنيت لم يستطيعوا انجاز اعمالهم كما لو انه امتحان البكالوريا شمل 40 مليون جزائري.

وفقا للتقديرات الرسمية انه 18مليون مواطن جزائري من أصل 40 مليون عدد السكان يستعملون شبكة الانترنيت ومواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.

كان يمكن اتخاذ طرق أخرى لتجنب مخاوف اعادة تسريب مواضيع البكالوريا دون ان تسبب ضررا في القطاع العام، كانت تستطيع السلطات الجزائرية تشفير الاسئلة وطباعتها ساعة الامتحان في موقع الامتحان بدلا من نقل وارسال النسخ مطبوعة على جميع انحاء البلاد.

وقد كان قرار حجب الانترنيت صادماً للجميع ولكن اظهرت من خلاله السلطات الجزائرية بأن ليدها سلاح سياسي والذي هو "الرقابة"

وفقا لمنظمة أكسس ناو في قرار الامم المتحدة في ما يلي حجب الانترنيت في الاونية الاخيرة بالعديد من البلدان منها تركيا, البحرين والجزائر و بعض البلدان الاخرى حيث قال المستشار القانوني والسياسات العالمية في منظمة أكسس ناو بيتر ميجيك " يعزز الانترنيت التنمية و حقوق الانسان عندما يكون امناً و متاحا للجميع, يجب على كل الفاعلين من مزودي خدمة الانترنيت و الناشطين و القضاة ان يعملوا معا من اجل الحد من حجب الانترنيت"

ريم حياة شايف



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Thursday, 17 March 2016

St. Patrick’s Day: Mythical Holiday vs. Modern Reality

Ireland, St. Patrick's Day, censorship, internet access, SumRando Cybersecurity, VPN, Secure Messenger
[Source: Andreas F. Borchert]
Americans of all backgrounds eagerly anticipate March 17 each year as an opportunity to wear green, eat corned beef and cabbage, drink beer and bring out the ‘Irish’ in everyone. St. Patrick’s Day, once a holiday to celebrate the homeland for 19th century Irish immigrants, has grown so ubiquitously popular that even Ireland’s politicians head stateside to participate in American parade festivities.

So, what are the Irish in Ireland up to this St. Paddy’s day?

Some will be celebrating, of course, but others may simply be looking ahead to March 27, the centennial of Ireland’s 1916 uprising. 100 years prior, Irish nationalists revolted against their British government by seizing buildings throughout Dublin and declaring Ireland an independent republic; the fighting that followed left nearly 500 nationalists dead and destroyed much of Dublin. Although the rebellion was all but over in a matter of days, the iron fist used by the British to quell the revolt would eventually come to fuel the resentment necessary to create an independent Irish state in 1949.

Ireland today is certainly not the place it was a century ago, but that is not to say life is all 4-leaf clovers and pots of gold at the end of rainbows. Recently:

  • There has been much criticism over a complete lack of adequate Internet access in much of rural Ireland:  “It is unacceptable for those in rural Ireland to be consigned to battle with poor connectivity. Over and over again we hear of the problems a lack of broadband is causing in rural areas. It is adding to the isolation many in rural Ireland feel—and is contributing to the demise of local communities,” argued Seamus Sherlock of the Irish Cattle and Sheep Farmers’ Association. Fortunately, change is coming: telecoms operator Eir has promised to connect 100,000 residences by 2017 and the government itself has developed a National Broadband Plan to connect 750,000 residences by 2020.

  • Ireland’s Censorship of Publications Board opted to ban a book for the first time in 18 years. “The collective view of the board was that it was a vile publication as it contained graphic descriptions of the rape of a minor,” reported board chairman Shane McCarthy. The initial ban will last for 12 years and prohibit the sale or distribution of the book.

  • No longer a city in shambles, Dublin today is better known as the Silicon Docks, a global tech hub that boasts Facebook’s international operations. The accounts of 83% of all Facebook users (from everywhere but the United States) are managed in Ireland and, increasingly, subject to Irish law: two weeks ago, a German court overturned a decision to allow fake names on Facebook because, although such an act would be protected by German law, Facebook’s real name policy is not in violation of Irish law. The case stems from Facebook’s decision to block the account of a German woman for using a fake name and then unilaterally reinstating it under her actual name.  

  • A banner hung in commemoration of the 1916 uprising found itself under (social media) attack. Tweets of protest over the decision to include portraits of historical figures not involved in the uprising include, “Tourists will be torturing the poor guides with ‘so, where did these guys fight?’” and “Sickened that the official centenary celebration has managed to be more absurd than our 1916 [spoof] documentary.”

Whether or not you choose to celebrate St. Patrick’s Day today, remember that behind this larger-than-life holiday is a people whose struggles—past and present—are very much alive, real and perhaps more similar to your own than you ever imagined.



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Wednesday, 24 February 2016

Mobile World Congress 2016 Highlights Global Internet Inequities

This year’s Mobile World Congress is already shaping up to be one event with two contrasting missions, serving as a reminder that the technology divide between rich and poor is alive and well.

Mobile World Congress, an annual Barcelona event which attracts nearly 100,000 individuals from all walks of the mobile industry, saw a significant shift in focus this year, as the improved smartphone that was once the hallmark of the event no longer captures the attention it previously did: in the developed world, smartphones are reaching a saturation point and in emerging economies they remain out of the price point of the average consumer. As such, while some are busy seeking the next big thing, others are still on the hunt for basic Internet access—and few are looking for a more expensive phone.

Carolina Milanesi of Kantar Worldpanel ComTech summarized the dominant perspective well: “Everyone has a smart phone now. So the sellers need to try to figure out what kind of new devices will get consumers reaching for their wallets and spending their money.” For those with the cell phone they want in their pockets, this year’s Mobile World Congress has been all about the future potential of virtual reality, 5G and even smart cars.

The alternate narrative at Mobile World Congress is one that continues to be championed by Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg. As the social platform founder pointed out, “It’s amazing that one is sitting here in 2016 and there are still four billion people worldwide who do not have access to internet.” He took advantage of the opportunity to both announce his new Telecom Infra Project and to promote the better-known Free Basics. The former will create a space for companies to collaborate in order to expand telecommunications infrastructure, in turn accelerating the pace of innovation beyond what a traditional model would allow; already, the project has been able to bring connectivity to a Philippine village that was previously without. Zuckerberg further credited Free Basics with connecting more than 1 billion people in 36 countries to basic Internet services and was confident in the service’s future, despite a recent ban in India for violating net neutrality.

Yes, Facebook has made its mission to connect all the world, but Mobile World Congress made clear that it is not alone in this endeavor. For example, American company Obi Worldphone was also in attendance, celebrating the release of its $149 MV1 smartphone. Compatible with Android 5.1 Lollipop or Cyanogen OS, the relatively inexpensive phone hopes to accommodate emerging markets in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe.

The disturbing trend that the first two days of Mobile World Congress only served to amplify is the reality that the developed world holds the rights to its own technological innovation as well as the innovation of others. American companies such as Facebook and Obi Worldphone claim to be part of a benevolent movement to bring equal access to all, but, as Mobile World Congress’s lack of interest in traditional mobile development makes clear, they are also part of an enterprising, entrepreneurial society desperately seeking the next big adventure. Emerging markets, take note.


Internet.org, Mobile World Congress, Facebook, State of Connectivity 2015, SumRando Cybersecurity, Secure Messenger, VPN
Internet.org's State of Connectivity 2015 [Source: Internet.org]


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Tuesday, 19 January 2016

قانون الجرائم المعلوماتية : جولة بين فصول القانون

Our last installment of SumVoices featured Fahad Desmukh, journalist and digital human rights activist with Bytes for All, Pakistan. This month we bring you an anonymous contributor from Algeria, in Arabic and English (below).
 

Algeria, SumVoices, cybercrime, SumRando Cybersecurity, VPN, Secure Messenger, Web Proxyفرض التقدم المسجل في مجال تكنولوجيات المعلومات والاتصال في السنوات الأخيرة فضاءا جديدا لتبادل تدفق المعلومات الرقمية والتي تتم عبر الكثير من المعاملات والخدمات الالكترونية. كما أدى التطور الرقمي في معظم دول العالم للرد واتخاذ إجراءات قانونية مناسبة للاستخدامات المختلفة لأجهزة الكمبيوتر وذلك للتصدي ومحاربة جميع أشكال الجريمة الالكترونية وفق تشريعات محددة.

عندما تصبح التكنولوجيا مكانا للجريمة، فإن القانون يجب أن يعتمد على اليات للرقابة توفر الحماية الكاملة لمستخدمي الانترنت. وقد اتخذت الجزائر مبادرة لجعل القانون ينظم ويراقب هذا النوع من الجرائم، وقد اعتمدت في نص القانون على قواعد محددة بشأن حماية ووقاية ومحاربة كل أشكال الجرائم المتعلقة بتكنولوجيات الاعلام الاتصال. وقد قام التجمع الشعبي الوطني ومجلس الأمة بالمصادقة على القانون يوم الخامس من اوت 2009.

تتبادر أسئلة كثيرة الى أذهاننا عندنا نسمع ما يجري حولنا من جرائم الكترونية، كل هذه الجرائم الالكترونية الصغيرة والكبيرة التي نسمع بها كل يوم، ونتساءل عما فعلته الجزائر في هذا المجال باستثناء مواد من قانون الجرائم الالكترونية لا يغطي حتى كافة جوانبها.

تكافح العديد من بلدان العالم بشكل فعال ضد الجرائم الالكترونية، وتعمل لتعزيز الامن الالكتروني لحماية مستعملي الانترنت، هذا أبعد مما تكون عليه الجزائر حيث تكرس الحكومة اهتماما أقل حول تطوير الأمن على شبكة الانترنت.

في هذا الوقت، حيث صارت المشاكل الإقليمية الالكترونية تجري على الانترنت، تتصرف الجزائر وكأن الأمر لا يعنيها، وفقا لإحصائيات موقع وولد ستايت تمثل نسبة دخول الانترنت في الجزائر فقط (27.8٪). كما أن استراتيجية e-Algeria والتي تهدف الى توفير الانترنت في جميع الشركات والمدارس والمنازل لم تكن بحجم التوقعات. حتى أن خدمة الجيل الثالث لم ترق للحجم المطلوب والجيل الرابع ما زال ينتظر.  الكثير من الشركات لا تتوفر على خدمة الانترنت الى الساعة والفواتير، وقسائم الدفع ماوالت على الطريقة القديمة التقليدية حتى الان. لا وجود التجارة الإلكترونية، ونفس الشي بالنسبة الدفع الالكتروني. ولكن هذا لا يمنع من ادراج الجزائر في قائمة أكثر البلدان ضعفا في مجال الأمن السيبراني.

لقد تم نص بعض القوانين المحلية على الصعيد الوطني بخصوص الامن الرقمي في منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال افريقيا، ولكن كما نعلم جميعا الإنترنت ليس له حدود. التنظيم والتعاون الدولي أمر أكثر من ضروري للنجاح في التصدي لتهديد جرائم الإنترنت الدولية.

وينص قانون جرائم المعلوماتية الجزائري، والذي يتضمن 19 مادة و 6 فصول، في الفصل 2، إمكانية اللجوء إلى مراقبة الاتصالات الالكترونية لأغراض أمنية، وفقا للقواعد المنصوص عليها في قانون الإجراءات الجنائية وهذا القانون خاضع للأحكام القانونية التي تضمن سرية المراسلات والاتصالات. هذا النص يراه للبعض مثيراً للقلق.

 اذ أنه يسمح للدولة بالتجسس وإختراق للمواقع التي تعتبر خرقا لتعريفها لجرائم الإنترنت بصورة غامضة. فيما أن، المواد 3 و 4 و 7 تعطي السلطة الحق في للتنصت ورقابة الانترنت والتفصيل عندما يكون مطلوبا دون الشرح في اي الحالات يكون هذا الامر مطلوباً. فيما ان المادة 05 تمنح الدولة القدرة على الإختراق عن بعد والتجسس على انظمة الكومبيوتر إذا كان ذلك مطلوبا من قبل القاضي. المادة 10 و 11 تطلب من "مزودي خدمة الإنترنت" لتخزين كافة الاتصالات والمعلومات التعريفية . المادة 13 و 14 استحداث هيئة جديدة لمكافحة الجرائم الإلكترونية، و نص القانون  غير واضح  ولا يشرح لطبيعة هذه الهيئة.
فيما أن المادة (4) تمنع الجرائم الإرهابية  و أعمال تخريبية وجرائم ضد التي تهدد أمن الدولة، وعندما يكون هناك معلومات عن هجوم محتمل لنظام تكنولوجيا المعلومات  للنظام العام أو مؤسسات الدفاع ، أو الاقتصاد الوطني، وفيما يتصل تنفيذ طلبات المساعدة القضائية الدولية.

لا يمكن إجراء هذه العمليات والمراقبة، وفقا لأحكام هذا القانون، إلا على إذن كتابي من السلطة القضائية المختصة. الا في حالة تتعلق بجرائم إرهابية أو تخريبية والجرائم ضد أمن الدولة، يتم إصدار إذن من النيابة العامة لدى محكمة الجزائر العاصمة لضباط الشرطة القضائية  للوقاية ومكافحة الجرائم المتصلة بتكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات (ICT)، لمدة 6 أشهر قابلة للتجديد.

ولذلك، ينبغي ان يكون للمجتمع المدني الجزائري معرفة ودراية بما يحدث و ان يشاركوا و يتعاونو مع المؤسسات الاخرى  لتفادي حصول انتهاك للحرية وحقوق الإنسان تحت ذريعة مكافحة الإرهاب أو الجريمةالإلكترونية.

الآباء والأمهات والأطفال والمراهقين والمؤسسات العامة والخاصة، والمواطن بشكل عام، الجميع يشعر بالقلق إزاء المخاطر الناجمة عن سوء استخدام الإنترنت دون توخي الحذر.

هذا و تتزايد جرائم الانتنرنت في الجزائر بحيث تم تسجيل أكثر من 300 حالة تتعلق بجرائم الإنترنت  سنة 2015 ، كما ان  حالات جرائم الإنترنت التي سجلتها الشرطة والتي تتمثل في التشهير وسرقة الهوية  و انتهاك الخصوصية في تزايد. وعلاوة على ذلك، كما تم تسجيل حالات أخرى بصفة اقل مثل قرصنة المواقع الإلكترونية بما في ذلك مؤسسات الدولة، وحالات الابتزاز. كما تزال عملية دفع شكوى لدى جهاز الامن من قبل ضحايا الجرائم الالكترونية ثقافة جديدة لا يعرف عنها الكل أو الخجل من التشهير عن انفسهم.


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SumVoices: Cybercrime in Algeria - Phenomenon on the Rise

Our last installment of SumVoices featured Fahad Desmukh, journalist and digital human rights activist with Bytes for All, Pakistan. This month we bring you an anonymous contributor from Algeria, in English and Arabic (above).

Algeria, SumVoices, cybercrime, SumRando Cybersecurity, VPN, Secure Messenger, Web ProxyThe progress recorded in the field of information and communication technology in recent years has imposed a new space for the exchange of digital information in which all types of transactions and electronic services are conducted.

The digital revolution has led most countries of the world to react and to commission regulatory measures pertaining to computer usage. To address cybercrime, specific legislation has been adopted.

When technology enables crime, laws must adopt adequate control mechanisms to protect internet end users. Algeria has taken the initiative to make a law that regulates and supervises this kind of crime. It has adopted a law that addresses specific rules on the protection, prevention and the fight against all forms of offenses related to information and communications technology. The National People’s Assembly and the Council of the Nation implemented this law on 5 August 2009.

Many questions come to mind when we see what is happening around us, the small and large computer crimes we hear about every day. What has been done in Algeria regarding this sector apart from this small piece of legislation that does not cover all aspects of cybercrime?

Many countries often struggle to be effective against cybercrime, strengthen their IT security, and protect internet users. This is also the case in Algeria where government is much less concerned about developing web security.

In this time when territorial conquest battles are currently running on the net, Algeria acts like it is not concerned. In fact, Algeria is not very connected to the net, with only 27.8% of the population having access, according to the Internet World Stats website. The e-Algeria strategy that aims to connect companies, homes, schools, etc. is still in its infancy. 3G has been commissioned and the country still waits to be introduced to 4G. Several Algerian companies are currently disconnected; invoices, pay slips and purchase orders have not dematerialized. Electronic commerce does not exist, same with electronic payments. However, this does not prevent Algeria's inclusion on the list of most vulnerable countries in the field of cybersecurity.

In the MENA region, some regulation has been created nationally; however, as we all know, the internet has no borders. International regulation and cooperation is necessary to successfully tackle the threat and be a serious counter party against international cybercrime.

The Algerian cyber law, which includes 19 articles and 6 chapters, provides in Chapter 2 the possibility of recourse to the surveillance of electronic communications for preventive purposes, in accordance with rules set by the Criminal Procedure Code and this Act subject to legal provisions guaranteeing the confidentiality of correspondence and communications. This text worries some, as it grants unprecedented power to the state. It permits the state to spy and hack websites that it deems in breach of its vague cybercrime definition. In addition, articles 3, 4 and 7 give the power to the state to eavesdrop and censor internet and detail cases when it is required. Article 5 grants the state the power to remotely hack and spy computer systems if required by a judge. Articles 10 and 11 require “internet providers” to store all communication and identifying information for a minimum of a year. Articles 13 and 14 introduce a new body for combating cybercrime, but the text of the law is not clear as to the nature of this body. This whole law is in clear breach of several citizen rights as given in the constitution, including article 36, which explicitly grants freedom of expression, and article 39, which explicitly grants the right to privacy.

These monitoring operations prescribed by Article 4 may be made to prevent such offenses designated terrorist or subversive acts and offenses against state security, and when there is information about a possible attack on an IT system representing a threat to public order, national defense, state institutions, or the national economy, as well as in connection with the execution of requests for international judicial assistance.

These surveillance operations can’t be performed, according to this law, except with written authorization by the competent judicial authority. In the case related to offenses of terrorist or subversive acts and offenses against state security, authorization is issued by the Public Prosecutor at the Court of Algiers to the judicial police officers within the body National prevention and Fight against Crime related to information and communications technology (ICT), for a period of 6 months renewable.

Therefore, Algerian civil society should mobilize and raise its voice to collaborate with the news body to ensure that there are no violations of freedom and human rights under the pretext of the fight against terrorism or cybercrime.

Parents, children and adolescents, public and private institutions, and citizens in general are concerned about the dangers posed by the misuse of the internet without caution.  Algeria is far behind in this area compared to other African or Arab countries.

More than 300 cases related to cybercrime were resolved in 2015, showing that cybercrime is gaining ground in Algeria. The largest percentage of cybercrime cases recorded by the police concerned the use of pictures of children for pornography, defamation, and business identity theft. Other cases that are concerning deal with piracy of electronic sites – including those of state institutions – blackmail cases, and also cases of the violation of privacy. According to these exceedances, victims of cyberattacks are usually public and private administrations, foreign companies, and individuals. The data are unreliable since the culture is hesitant to file complaints as victims of cybercrime because people don’t know about it or they are ashamed they have been defamed.

Take steps to protect yourself online. Start by downloading SumRando VPN.

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